Recent reports emerging from Ukraine indicate that Russia has begun installing SpaceX’s Starlink satellite communications terminals on the Iranian Shahed-136 drone. Ukrainian forces have shot down a Russian-operated Shahed-136 drone that was equipped with a Starlink satellite. Let’s get into more details!
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Discovery of Starlink on Downed Drone
Ukrainian forces shot down a Russian Shahed-136 drone on September 24th, 2024, during aerial attacks. When examining the wreckage, they discovered a Starlink terminal installed on the drone. Ukrainian outlet Defense Express published photos of the downed Russian Shahed-136 drone next to a destroyed Starlink dish. This discovery provides clear evidence that Russia is attempting to utilize Starlink satellites for military communications.
Details About the Shahed-136 Drone
The drone discovered was an Iranian 11-foot-long Shahed-136, a low-cost loitering munition with a range of around 1,600 miles (2,000 km). Shahed drones have been a key part of Russia’s attack strategy against Ukrainian cities. By connecting it to Starlink, Russia could use it for long-range reconnaissance missions or strikes deeper into Ukraine. Additionally, previous Shahed-136 drones have been found to communicate over 4G using SIM cards.
Use of Starlink by Russian Forces
Russian forces have been attempting to use Starlink terminals in occupied Ukrainian territories for a long time. In February, Ukraine claimed thousands were in use near the frontlines. The Pentagon also acknowledged some illegal use but said measures were taken to cut off access. However, the Russian military continues adapting tactics to use commercial satellite networks for their operations, as seen in this incident.
SpaceX’s Response
SpaceX has been collaborating with the US military to prevent unauthorized usage of Starlink terminals by Russian forces. According to the Pentagon, around 1% of the terminals in Ukraine were installed illegally. While general countermeasures are difficult, examining serial numbers on captured systems may reveal supply chains and identities of those providing access. However, the company is finding it difficult to completely block illegal access.
Implications and Challenges
By connecting drones to Starlink, Russia could potentially use them for long-range strikes or intelligence gathering deep inside Ukraine. This underscores the challenges of restricting enemy access to dual-use technology during wartime. It also highlights Russia’s increasing use of commercial systems to support its war aims. SpaceX will likely need to further bolster its countermeasures.
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